Monday, September 29, 2008

Isamu Noguchi



An American Sculptor and Designer, Isamu constructed many public sculptures, sculptural gardens, playgrounds, and furniture. Assisted for Constantin Brancusi in 1927 while in Paris. Influence heavily by Alberto Giacometti and Alexander Calder, Pablo Picasso and Joan Miro. strongly influenced by both American Modernism, European Surrealism, abstraction, and traditional Japanese craftsmanship.With a background in Paramedical studies at Columbia University, most of Noguchi's work consisted of abstract rounded forms that resembled polished stone. Best known for his abstract sculptures designed as adjuncts to architecture. Noguchi's forms suggest nature and human beings could interacting with one another without destruction occurring.
www.noguchi.org

Eugene Schoen


American Art Deco Architect and Designer trained at Columbia University. Following a meeting with Otto Wagner and Josef Hoffmann in Europe, Schoen founded an architectural practice in 1906. Following in 1928 by the founding of Eugene Schoen Inc. Schoen Inc. was an interior design studio, which sold custom made furniture. Inspired by 17th century French design, Shoen's furniture relies more on geometric arrangements of wood grain than applied ornaments. Sticking to the French traditions, each piece was handcraft by Schoen himself. Although known well for his early furniture designs, Eugene is best know for his architectural designs of banks, stores, galleries and showrooms. Today he is seen as a pivotal designer during the machine age of craft (1920-45)

Nam June Paik

Nam June Paik
Nam June Paik the father of vidieo based art and installation, he created images through mutiple screens of images or a singular image divided between mutiple screens. He was born in Seoul Korea an trained as clasical pianist. As the Koreans war erupted he and his fammly fled to Hong Kong and then to Japan. He later study at the University of Toyko and Munich Universtiy. He has a very braod backround in music and art history until he started partisipating in the Neo- Dada art movment in the early 60’s, he was inspired by the ccomposer John Cage by his noises and sounds that were created electronicly. That was the piont that Nam June Paik started using vidio and tv’s as a bases for his work stcking and aranging tv. Adding other elements like cellos and neon lighting. The imagary was sometime interactive to a particapant. Charlotte Moorman a claisical cellist did a colaberation with him, Paik had stacked tv in the shape of a cello and on the tv’s as she drew the bow across the tv set the image of the bow and strings acted the same thus producing sound and a visual image that coencided with phisical movment.

Richard Serra

Richard Serra


Richard Serra work has spanned fro the mid 1960’s to the present day. He work involves minimal list form of a very large scale, giant pieces of lead or steel some towering four or five stories high and multiple tons of weight, dwarfing the view but also interacting with viewer by not allowing them to see in over or around the work. He uses this idea of controlling the view to evoke a few different emotions, one of them being controlled or forced to interact with the work because there is no other way around it, the large plates create walls and impenetrable surface that go from being a sculpture to becoming a physical barrier intervening in to the viewers or interactions of physical movements. They also evoke a felling of tension some of Serras work are large pieces of multi-ton lead that are perched precariously on edge or balanced atop one another, creating a great tension and almost guttural fear of death.

Sarah Sze

Sarah Sze
Sculptor

Sarah Sze sculptures are flowing microcosm of common materials. Made up of primarily tooth picks, popsicle sticks, matches…, being bound together with glues and basic fasteners. Many of her works transcend spaces, across the wall and then through an adjoining wall into the next room. Her work has an air of disarray but upon closer examination there is great care made in ever move. Small pumps to keep the plants watered, precise cantilevering of material so she is able to have a twenty foot tower of matchsticks, all of this is intentional. She sees as the whole work as a canvas with great concern to detail color and aesthetic form. It is far removed from a scattering of rubbish but a well-orchestrated symphony.
www.sarahsze.com

Kiki Smith

Kiki Smith
Kiki Smith the daughter of Tony Smith the sculptor creates imagery and sculpture that deals with a social political vocabulary. She primarily focuses on body and the inadvertent undermining of the female form of the female body and spirit by male artist through the exposure and examination of the female anatomy and feminine roles in society. Kiki has a broad base of media that she works in both three dimensional and two dimensional, with a primary focus on sculpture, print and installation based work, containing prints and multiple cast objects made of bronze. Most of her work is based around the repetition of image or objects as a way of invoking an ideal or image for the work giving it conceptual connotations allowing the viewer to understand and respond to the works intent. "Prints mimic what we are as humans: we are all the same and yet everyone is different. I think there's a spiritual power in repetition, a devotional quality, like saying rosaries." Smith 1998

Chuck Close






Chuck Close
Painter/printmaker/photographer
With 30+years as a master printer Chuck Closes work has becomes very process orientated. His images are based upon a grid like structure that allows him to start and stop without interrupting the creative process "a creative process that could be interrupted repeatedly without damages the final product, in which the segmented structure was never intended to be disguised." Chuck Close. The majority of his work is hands on and labor intensive some works take a better part or 2 years to complete. Working and a broad variety of mediums, wood block, reduction block, scribble/etching and painting, Chuck is able to create dimensional depth and energy through these processes that are two dimensional and primarily void of and third dimension.
His current work is made up of various human and self portraits that are grand in scale, some of the works being 10’x10’ or larger. The canvases are divided in to small sections by a grid like pattern. The pattern acts just like pixels from a digital printer. They allow him create sub-images within the primary image. The grids are not necessarily of a rigid structure but not arbitrary, they are very calculated and controlled, they are laid out with great concern for the image.
o http://www.chuckclose.coe.uh.edu/


Bill Viola

Bill Viola

Bill Viola creates video installation based work that has evolved to massive work that can fill a gallery with just one work. The films using state of the art technologies to envelop the viewer in to the images and give the viewer a very direct and precise interpretation of what the video is intending to communicate. The work itself focuses upon the most basic human feeling birth, life, consciousness, thought the sense of perception and self investigation.
o http://www.billviola.com/

Greg Crewdson



Gregory Crewdson
Gregory Crewdson a contemporary photographer creating images that is cinema graphic in nature. They depict daily life but with a surreal imagery that is almost in human. His subject matter is based upon daily small town life but the his use of color and lighting gives it a disturbing edge, multiple lighting angles, dimly acid washed colors and human subjects that aren’t imposed on to the image but are almost painted into the scene but are overly real. His photographs are a grand production, he brings in movie lighting crews and takes over small towns to create these perfect shots, the imagery is very controlled and nothing is left to chance. He is well educating with a BFA from Suny Purchase, NY and MFA from Yale and currently teaching at Yale University.

Saturday, September 27, 2008

David Alfaro Siqueiros


A social realist fresco painter that helped establish the "Mexican Mural Renaissance." Siqueiros's works directly reflected the time in which he lived and were deeply rooted in revolutionist ideas. He and others were concerned with creating art that was both Mexican Identity and universal. Later in life he traveled promoting his type of muralism being exiled twice from Mexico.

Ham Jin


Jin creates micro sculptures that have a sense of humor and an existence of their own. Very much like miniature stop motion sets, the viewer could miss the work if they didn't know how to look. Jin characters exist in a world under our feet with all the same tragedies and pleasure that we ourselves know. Bringing into focus our act of looking or lack of, we find something incredibly special and from a refreshing place.

Jake and Dinos Chapman


Two brothers that work almost only in collaborations with each other. As conceptual artists they have focused on themes on anatomically and pornographic grotesque, genocide and effects of war. Their work borders on sick comedy and poignant commentary. They have also involved themselves in the writing of books, specifically art criticism and metaphysics, and designing a beer label for Becks. Charles Saatchi brought them into prominence through his promotion of the young artists movement. Most memorable is the 1999 work "Hell" and and miniature sets they and their team produced.

http://www.whitecube.com/artists/chapman/family/

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Ira Glass / This American Life

Host of Chicago Public Radio’s This American Life, Ira Glass is one of the foremost personalities of public radio in the U.S. Each week Glass assembles several stories, based upon a central theme, from everyday experiences of everyday people. Content varies widely by episode, and stories are often told as first-person narratives. The mood of the show ranges from gloomy to ironic, from thought-provoking to hilarious. The show often addresses current events, such as Hurricane Katrina in "After the Flood". Listeners may be introduced to novel subjects and issues as well, since the program covers fringe groups within the USA as well as international matters.

Monday, September 22, 2008

Patrick Suskind





Patrick Suskind – is a German writer and screenwriter, born 1949. Author of “Perfume”, “Pigeon”, “Double Bass”(play).
Spectacular book “Perfume” demonstrate a brilliant, and at the same time horrible man. Jan Baptiste Grenouille has the absolute smell. He recognizes surrounding with fragrance better than different people with their eyes. Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is a bit of a Marquis de Sade, a bit of Lecter Hannibal, and in a dark way -Prometheus. Instead of the fire, he wants to give “the ideal” to the mankind, which world is lacking- the perfect smell. Suskind chose this sense , because the scent is able to describe us. Even more than the appearance, much more than a sound. The smell has the power of opening or closing the space, the smell (or odour) is permeating. Shapes, colours, sizes are unimportant. The individuality of the man or the object depends on an aroma given off by them. The author in excellent way is playing with words, expressing something what theoretically is difficult to express.

The language and the style of this novel let the reader not only empathize the atmosphere of 18th century life in Paris, but let you feel its colors and tastes, but first of all fragrances. Behind traditional criminal and directly drawn image – we can see classical Dionysian myth, appealing back to the thought of Nietzsche, distantly related to the writing by Albert Camus, or Gunter Grass. Excellent.

Sophie Calle





Sophie Calle ( born 1953) is a French writer, photographer, installation artist, and conceptual artist. Narration on the world- that’s her artistic strategy.
For Calle, life is a point of departure for creating multi- story fiction. To peep others or herself ,to describe, and to show it. A process of gathering, as well as time, play important role in her work. Calle explains the project “Hotel”- I spent one year to find a hotel, I spent three months going through the text and writing it, I spent three months going through the photographs and I spent one day deciding would be the size of the frame… it’s the last thought in the process.

Egon Schiele




Egon Schiele (1890-1918)

this controversial Austrian till today is being judged differently,and he didn't get one synonymous, straight ranking label. Mix of the eroticism , suffering and Schiele's dramatic nature still are shocking and intriguing. He was accused of extreme exhibitionism, portraying obscene stages and portraying women in unappropriated poses. Named - male fetishist, pornographer and in the same time brilliant artist which brought manipulation of the spectator to the perfection.

Martin Jay



Born in 1944 in New York City, Martin Jay is one of the foremost contemporary intellectual historians. Of particular focus in Jay’s scholarship are Socialism, Marxism, Post-Structuralism, Postmodernism, and Visual Culture Studies in Continental intellectual history. One of his many notable books, Downcast Eyes: The Denigration of Vision in 20th Century French Thought focuses on the “ocular centric” characteristics of critical theory dating from the Greeks through Modernism and addresses the shortcomings of French thought in consideration of visual perception.

Sunday, September 21, 2008

Tom Loeser


Integrating furniture forms that most individuals take for granted, Tom designs kinetically challenging furniture. He is interested in how seating can organize, influence and structure social relationships Loeser explores seating as an interactive and social event. The viewer/user can enjoy the different ways of accessing the irregular internal spaces behind the various doors and handles of his wall cabinets. Currently Loeser is exploring a new of traditional boat construction method. The work is viewable at Mobilia Gallery in Massachusetts until the end of September.

Ettore Sottsass


(1917-2007)
He was the mecca of 20th Century Italian Design and founder of the Memphis Group. Known well for his multi-functional fiberglass furniture that incorporated bright color, kitsch motifs and plastic laminates. His approach to designing liberated furniture from its stale traditional aspects. Introducing more conceptual approaches to designing, Sottsass attempted to breach the barriers social classes. Drawn to the social, cultural, and technical implications of architecture and design on the way people live and interact with one another. His exploration of these elements led to the synthesis of conventional and non traditional materials.

Maurice Bejart





Maurice Bejart (Maurice Berger) 1927-2007

dancer, choreographer,director of ballets. Called "genius of ballet of 20th century".In 1960 he founded the Ballet du XXe Siecle.

In his unusually big production- over two hundred choreographic jobs,it is possible to find four most important topics: love, death, travel, ceremony.

Love: in Bejart ballets is gaining the symbolic dimension. The choreographer is giving up romantic way of depicting love concentrating on a few different aspects of love: mythical, metaphysical,Death: usually is introducted in gratesque way.Travel: in his ballets it is crossing the borders, both in the literal meaning - geographical, as well as in the symbolic way -mental and cultural.Ceremony:the choreographer is appealing to the genesis of the dance to its ritual roots.


Maurice Béjart became famous as the choreographerwho is concentrating on the dancer and male corps de ballet, showing off both, the beauty of the male body, and the personality and charisma of the dancer.

Quentin Tarantino


When in 1992 a film a"Mad Dogs"appeared in the cinemas directed through for nobody unknown Quentin Tarantino, critics shouted that we were dealing with the birth of true talent. However, when two years later the image"Pulp Fiction" came into existence, there was no doubt, that new era in cinema just started.The film got the Golden Palm in Cannes, the Oscar for the script and he was called, similarly to its author, as a spectacular.


Quentin, being a maniac of the cinema worked 5 years in video store . He had simple access to films and could watch them also during working hours. Every day he watched a few movies, from low-budget productions from Hong Kong to work of French "new wave". It was his film school.

At present Quentin Tarantino is probably one of most often discussed directors of our times. He is being introduced by many critics as the real example of the postmodernist director.

Saturday, September 20, 2008

Ernst Bloch

Bloch was a German Marxist philosopher, who built on the philosophies of Hegel and Marx. He mainly focused on the concept of human utopia, which he believe that in one where human exploitation and suffering had been eliminated there would always be a true ideological revolutionary force. The protest movements of 1968 were heavily influenced by the work of Bloch.

Luciano Pavarotti

Pavarotti was a popular Italian opera singer. Primary a tenor and noted for his upper register and signature "C". Later becoming a member of the Three Tenors and widely broadcast through television. Pavarotti was a humanitarian, who hosted many benefits throughout his lifetime in the name of "Pavarotti and Friends. " He did this to raise funds for victims of war and civil unrest and victims of natural disasters eventually becoming the UN's Messenger of Peace.

Umberto Ecco


A man that wears many hats, Umberto is an Italian medievalist, semiotician, philosopher, literary critic, and novelist. He has written most about semiotics, linguistics, aesthetics, and morality, although has written childrens' books and many essays. His writings, either novel or philosophic investigation are multilayered in their interdiscipinary nature. Ecco's writting continues to influence the most people outside the philosophic genre.

Friday, September 19, 2008

Junko Mori


Junko Mori was inspired to create her work from the act of wondering. Sitting by a tree and asking herself where beauty came from. By noticing the simple things in nature she realized that everything may appear to be the same, but it can still be completely different from the rest. Mori is a metalworker that uses precious and non-precious metals. She creates with forged steel and other materials to create multiple single pieces to create sculptures appears wispy, fragile and delicate. Mori works with a degree of different sizes from smaller silver forms to larger wall instillation in her work. She use repetition in her work to create the feeling that the piece is made up of cells and the final piece emerges with in the process of repetition. She is drawn to the visual impact by many small components and finding the infinite possibilities in which they go together. No one piece in her work is planned out but all come together for the final concept of her work.


27 Silver Organism
Forged Fine Silver
160 x 140 x 135mm

Norma Minkowitz


Norma Minkowitz seeks mystery with the shadow of her work; she has always been interested in the liner elements. Minkowtiz crochets her work with the use of several different materials with steel, wood, paint and resin being among the majority of the material that she uses. She creates a lacey, delicate look to her work which is symbolizes the human condition with the contradiction of using steel mesh, which is strong. She uses the netting to create a blurred yet visible shape within other shapes. Minkowtiz retains implications of containment and psychological complexity, while focusing on the human form as the landscape. She uses paint within her work, at some points being able to see the paint on the object and at others times appearing to be invisible to the viewer, all depending on the use of light. She wants to convey a sense of energy as the viewer moves around the sculpture with the openness in her work.


Poinsetta
1999
Mixed media

22 x 12.5 x 8.5 "

Harlan Butt

Harlan Butt has used enameling in his vessel works. He draws his techniques from traditional Chinese enameling and metal-smithing. Cloisonné is use in many of his current pieces, which is a process that creates a repeating pattern on the surface of the vessel. He relates to the traditions of Zen Buddhism and the tea ceremony, an influence that appears in his work. He relates the repeating pattern in his work to the cell structure in plants and animals as well as the starring of the sky. This relates to our lives where repetition creates structure in chaos. He takes simple objects from nature and elevates them. He is inspired by flora, fauna and natural surroundings and also by discovering connections between one thing and another. In his work he wants the viewer to interact with and engage his work. His work has been exhibited internationally and his work is a part of several permanent collections internationally as well.


Earth Beneath Our Feet: Colorado Horizon #1
2006
Silver, enamel
4.5" x 5" x 5"

Wednesday, September 17, 2008

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

MAYA SCHONENBERGER


"Yangtze 1", is a perfect example of the sense of colors and feelings that Maya expresses in her fiber arts. Using art she is able to express her deep concern for the environment. Her studio is located in Florida facing a tropical garden and lake giving her much inspiration.
Schonenberger's work is layered with subtle colors that evoke issues that are current in the world.

PETER MAX


Peter Max is known for his bright, vibrant colors and graphic designs. He has worked with oils, charcoal, dyes and basically any substance that makes his artwork have a colorful theme to it. There are floral and celestial motifs in his psychedelic compositi0ns.
Popular in the 1960's and 70's Max had merchandise sold in the masses with his wild images on them. He was on anything from shoes to dinnerware. He has painted presidents, designed stamps and worked with various other entertainers such as The Beatles.
Peter went so far as to paint a Boeing 777 in his palette of hues with his funky designs. check it out <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR50z88PiGw>

SHEILA HICKS-"Wow Bush/Turmoil in Full Bloom"

American born fiber artist Sheila Hicks received her BFA and MFA from Yale University. In 1957 she received a Fulbright scholarship to Chile for painting, and it is there that she discovered her divine interest in fiber arts. Hicks' scale of work ranges from intimate to monumental, with bright hues of fiber intertwined to create elaborate masterpieces.
"Wow Bush/Turmoil in Full Bloom" is a commissioned piece of hers from 1980 located in Paris, France. It is just one of many commissioned pieces that she has done. Others have been located in Mexico, The United States, and Tokyo, Japan.



Monday, September 15, 2008

Jerzy Grotowski


Jerzy Grotowski (1933-1999)

- the director, educator and reformer of the theater.



The Theatre Laboratorium (Laboratory) founded by him is one of the most important institutions of the art of the 20 century.


In the year 1968 formulated the manifest issued in the United States titled:"Towards A Poor Theatre"-theater which does not need multimedia connections, doesn't need electronic attractions, and the play and the expression of the actors should be only devices. On the stage only "instruments"are: a voice, move of the body and facial expression.


The Laboratory wasn't a classical theatre. Grotowski suggested the program of "the theatre of participation"or "paratheather"

In his performances not actors or text,but emotions which freed themselves became most important between artist and a spectator. The artistic actions of Grotowski with time became more and more immediate not with art,but an anthropology.


In the last period of working in Poland, in 1978-1982 , he created a program called

"Theatre of Sources".This required him to travel and research to India and South

America,to examine shared rituals for the entire mankind, behaviours o which one should discern as origin and common.


"I am not a scholar, not even a scientist. Am I an artist? Probably. I am a craftsman"-

talked about himself.




Pedro Almadovar ( born 1951) is the most famous Spanish director, a scriptwriter, an actor and producer.

Director of " Kika", " All Albout My Mother", "Volver", "High Hills","Pepi, Luci,and Other Girls Like Mom", "Broken Embraces "



Almodovar's films these are most often melodramatic, full of incredible situations,fullfilled with incredible intense colors. with elements of the black humour and homosexual motifs. Forms are often main characters from the lower classes of society, the social and sexual margin (dealers of drugs, prostitutes, transvestites, criminals).

Cinema of Pedro Almodóvar is describe as postmodernist cinema of the excess, operating on many levels. However under the brilliant colorfull surface, the director is touching also social matters, so as the problem of the violence and alienation ,the loneliness of individual, however he isn't propagating the conventional morality or he doesn't offer transparent answers....in Almadovar's movies everything is hidden under red lipstick of prostitute, fake eyelashes, and in "over the top" actions of main characters.

Susan Collis

The oyster’s our world
Wooden stepladder, mother of pearl, shell, coral,

fresh water pearl, cultured pearls, white opal, diamond

Collis analyzes visual perception through the manipulation of everyday objects. In the piece above, what initially seems like a collection of careless splashes on a normal stepladder, are on closer inspection, meticulous inlays replicating the accidental and mundane. Collis enjoys playfully positioning the works in overlooked areas of an exhibition space, to heighten the potential for an initial misreading. The viewer is forced to rethink their position and understanding, as a result of her trompe-l'oeil effects. Other interesting works include clothes with embroidery to mimic the spontaneous moment and those that transform precious metals and stones into little screws and rawl plugs.

"The pieces all use different types of trompe-l'oeil effects in order to investigate issues concerning identity, craft, value and labour. Everyday objects, etched, splattered and stained with the marks of work and wear & tear, are seen, at a first glance to be the secondary results of a primary activity ­ seemingly worthless and easily ignored. I am interested in the shift in perception that takes place upon discovery that they are, instead, the primary activity themselves." -Susan Collis

Matthew Ritchie


Ritchie 's aim is to tell two stories simultaneously from two points in time and from a perspective only he understands. Ritchie says about the hidden narrative in his work: ‘It’s all made up. Except for all the parts that are true.’ Looking at them is a learning game which unfolds in slowly, learning and destroying new things in conjunction.

Ritchie describes legends about the universe that unfold across the body of his work. It is difficult to understand his narrative, possibly that his story aligns itself with the morphology of video games and exist in parallel dimensions. In other words, the viewer has to become familiar with Ritchie’s iconography to play his game.

Julie Mehretu


This painting is inspired by the re-envision urban experience. Mehretu rewrites narratives of exclusion and attempts to reconcile divergent histories. The compositions are expansive and dynamic with hidden symbols and mass communication iconography.

Mehretu’s work evokes a highly personalized, yet distinctly universal theme that draws on her experience as a citizen of the world and of New York City. She employs a dynamic visual vocabulary that combines maps, urban grids, and architectural renderings to articulate complex social and geopolitical structures. The pieces are of immense proportions, layering, and careful detail that relate the complexities of the urban environment. Mehretu questions what impact an individual can have, and what one person can contribute to the construction of a larger narrative.

Mehretu studied at Michigan’s Kalamazoo College and Cheik Anta Diop University, in Dakar, Senegal. She received an M.F.A. with honors from Rhode Island School of Design. She participates in numerous international biennials and exhibitions. Mehretu has received international recognition for her work and in 2005 became a MacArthur Fellow.

Tadashi Kawamata


Dynamic, enormous sculptures by Kawamata often take the form of rickety structures with a wooden woven pattern.  These structures are often attached to buildings of distinct style giving the viewer a conflict, strong stone buildings with weak, almost insect like, structures clinging haphazardly.  It is not only the exterior that is interesting, once the viewer ventures in (with a bit of reluctance, I'm sure) they are struck by the strange light.  patterns created by the woven wood cast shadows reminiscent of a old barn with a few slats missing.  The smell of wood must also permeate the sculpture.  Ideas of urban chaos hidden by rational structures are addressed through Kawamata's work.  At times the structures are built out of pre-made objects such as chairs or ladders.  An interesting and strange style tied to surrealism with space activation ideas could easily grow out of Tadashi Kawamata.   

Sunday, September 14, 2008

Sally Mann



Sally Mann well known photographer. Sally Mann become famous because the way she photographed her own children. These are beautiful photographs, but at the same time are very controversial. Poses, in which Mann photographed her kids were often simply very erotic, because of that, she was often criticised of being too lascivious, inappropriate, too brave...but the way she captures "the moments", they way she hold her broken camera(broken lens) ...we can see deep endeavor to understanding the childhood- not only documenting this process.


Lack of the colour in photographs is breaking away from connections of the context "here and now", and make them more than just chronicle of "growing up" , and this timeless dimension is noticed in every single photo.




Mann she was born in 1951, in Lexington, Virginia. She started taking photographs during her studies, and when she finished she become full-time photographer at university in her home town.

Mark Leuthold


Leuthold's carved sculptures create a sense of motion and water.  The size of the work ranges from inches to five feet and is mostly circular in nature.  Leuthold carves porcelain and glass,  using thousands of hand carved grooves giving the viewer natural textures and with an obvious human hand.  Leutholds' work is collected around the world:  The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, The National Museum of American Art, Washington D.C. , Seto Cultural Art Center, Seto, Japan


Victor Vasarely



Notably recognized as the one of the pioneers of Optical Art*, Hungarian Painter, Victor Vasarely was influenced by Constructivism, Cubism and Surrealism, Early in his career, Vasarely innovated an artistic expression which transformed nature into geometric shapes and vibrating, adjacent colors. Concentrating on writing in the later part of his career, Victor published several manifest’s focusing on research of constructivist and Bauhaus pioneers*. Today his art is widely reproduced and is still featured worldwide in many contemporary collections.

*Other pioneers of Optical art include: Bridget Riley, Richard Allen, Yaacov Agam, Carlos Cruz-Díez, Günther Uecker
* Constructivist Pioneers: Kazimir Malevich, Wassily Kandinsky
* Bauhaus Pioneers: Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe